Avalanche Incidents

On the morning of March 23, 2023 near Daisy Pass, two snowmobilers were stuck on a slope and a third was snowmobiling up to help when a large avalanche was triggered. The two stuck riders were caught and carried, and one of them sustained potentially life-threatening leg injuries. The third rider was able to safely ride off the slope and was not caught by the avalanche.

One rider in the group rode into Cooke City to contact Search and Rescue. Cooke City/Park County Search and Rescue transported the injured rider back to Cooke City where he was transferred to an air ambulance.

The avalanche was on a southwest facing slope at 10,000’, it broke up to 4’ deep and 150’ wide, and is classified HS-AMu-R3-D2-O.

Myself and two partners were skiing in the crazies 3/17-3/18. Dug 2 pits and got similar results, ectn15 18cm down and n28 30cm down with depths of 300-400cm and no deeper pwls on N/NE aspects at 8300ft and 9600ft. No recent avalanche activity other than a few small 6in storm/wind slabs on southern aspects. Snowpack was very right side up everywhere we toured and had skied 3 different NW to E faces. On 3/18 we headed to ski a NE facing couloir at 10000ft, skinned/booted the first ~300ft and found similar snow to everywhere else. About halfway up hit a rocky section with some depth hoar, I noted plate crystals up to 1cm wide at ground. Should’ve turned around there but thought maybe it was just a short rocky section. I had also just measured the slope angle at 52 degrees which gave me false confidence there would be no developed slab. Wallowed through weaker snow for another ~50ft then finally decided to turn around due to the difficult boot packing, hitting our 3pm turn around time, and the weak snow pack. As I booted to the middle of the line to find better snow the slab broke off 10-20ft above me wall to wall. I was the only one caught and was carried 500ft of vertical. Didn’t get buried and no lost gear so extremely lucky all around. The avalanche was estimated D2/R4 with a 18-30in crown and 30ft wide.

From obs 3/18/23: "Watched two riders on the north side of Henderson / Daisy pass high marking. One triggered an large avalanche and got stuck at the crown. Crown was taller than him. Guessing 8-10’ deep and 200+ yards wide. His friend had his back turned to the slide and didn’t see it happen. We were across around the sheep mtn/ Scotch Bonnet area and watched the whole thing happen. We boogied over there as fast as possible to help."

More media and story: https://www.instagram.com/p/Cp8qvlfO4sM/ (Credit: C. Diffley)

From Obs: "Heard tree breakage, saw plumes of snow and sliding snow at the bottom of the slide path. Our group spoke with the sledders and skiers that were on the slope and confirmed none were caught. Skiers reported feeling slide tremble and backed down the mountain. The main breakage was near top of the third shoot from the lookers right."

Snowmobile triggered on a path called "Marty's" above Daisy Pass road. This was similar aspect as the slide on Crown Butte yesterday, and likely had a similar snowpack structure. We checked the debris for a beacon signal to be sure no one was caught, and did not find one. This may have been triggered today (3/12). Photo: GNFAC

From FB message: "triggered this today (3/11/23) in Cooke City south side of Crown Butte."

We saw 6 natural avalanches on our ride in Lionhead. They all involved snow in the last week or two. On our exit we ran into who a group that witnessed a sledder triggering this slope. It was about 3 feet deep and was clearly wind loaded. Luckily he was not caught. When folks are triggering slides we know other slopes are also unstable. Be careful out there!

From obs: "On March 4th around 2:15 PM my partner and I observed a skier (of a separate party that was caught and carried) in a D2 R2 on the Lawnmower in the Absorkas. I believe the slide was released on a buried weak layer (We only observed the crown from a distance). The victim came to a stop approximately 1,200 ft below the start zone and was buried up to his neck. There were multiple tracks on the slope prior to the avalanche. My partner and I skied up to the separate party with the victim approximately 30 minutes after the event."

From another email "FYI big skier triggered avalanche on the lawn mower slide path on town hill today around 3pm. One skier caught and buried to neck and later airlifted out with leg injury. Our party arrived maybe 45 min after the slide and assisted others who were there."

(NE, HS, ASu, D3, R4)

We toured into Hyalite with the intention of skiing the North East Face of Hyalite Peak. Our primary concern was wind loading on leeward slopes. Before starting the day 6" of snow was reported in the Northern Gallatin range however we only found up to three inches of new snow. Approaching the saddle we found soft snow (2-3") on a pencil-hard crust. Once reaching the summit we descended carefully onto the NE face observing a shooting crack on a pocketed soft wind-slab after performing a ski cut. Noting this we descended further staying on the ridgeline. We then found a similar snowpack to the saddle with no cracking after a few more ski cuts and decided to ski one at a time down the duration of the face. Skier 1 skied a few turns down the face when a loud wumph was heard and the whole face started sliding. Skier 1 was caught, carried, and partially buried at the tail of the slide path. Skier 2 observed skier 1 and skied down to them after the avalanche stopped. Skier 1 was then fully dug out and both skiers left the avalanche path unharmed. The slide was thought to be (D3,R4) breaking all the way to the ground and spanning at least 500' wide.

Traveling into Blackmore Basin we assessed two potential lines from below that we had already planned to potentially ski.  We gained the saddle between Blackmore and Elephant. We observed snow transport from SW winds and noted the zone we were heading to might have wind loading occurring at the top. We traversed on scoured slopes by foot over to the entrance of the line that we intended to ski. Upon our arrival we noted a convexity of wind loaded snow on the skiers left of the start zone and made note to avoid it. We transitioned to skis and made a plan for skier 1 to enter traversing to the skiers right. Once skier 1 started traversing to the right, approximately 40 feet from skier 2,  a small collapse propagated at the ski tips of skier 1 across the entire entrance. Skier 1 yelled avalanche and was able to self arrest on the bed surface/ crown. After the slide occurred, we reassessed and felt comfortable descending on the bed surface to the toe of the debris, one at a time. We decided that was enough for one day and headed back to the trailhead. In retrospect, we underestimated the size of the potential wind slab and the danger of the high consequences terrain where a slide might not bury but potentially carry and kill a skier by taking them over cliffs. 

SS-ASu-R2-D1.5-I

Vertical Fall: ~700'

Distance Traveled: ~1000'

Aspect: 15 N

Elevation of start zone: 9645'

From FB mesage: "Buck ridge. East facing slope. Beaver creek area. Sled triggered. No burials."

From obs, "We observed another smaller natural avalanche on an exposed ridge below Miller Mtn, this looks to have been about 12in deep and probably occurred on the same layer as a larger natural avalanche. Both were on N or NNW facing slopes in areas with heavy wind deposition."

We believe this was a skier triggered avalanche on 3/2

From IG message 3/3/23: "Yesterday on March 2nd we were on the trail to daisy pass just before the bowl in cooke city. There were 12 of us of us no total. Just behind us a large avalanche came down covering the trail and clearing trees on the way. We went to investigate to make sure there were no burials when 2 skiers came down and said they were stomping on the facet layer and triggered it intentionally. The slide swept the skier’s parked snowmobile off trail and carried it about 100 feet."

From email 3/3/23: "We rode over [Daisy Pass] in the afternoon around 5pm and it hadn't been there when we went over the pass early that morning. We heard from a couple of other snowmobilers that some folks had been skiing up there, parked a sled at the bottom for their lap, then triggered the slide by ski cut before they dropped in. The slide buried their sled and they had to dig it out. Here's a few photos that I took that afternoon."

From email 3/3/23: "... Crown looks 5-6' deep, 150'+ wide and SW aspect. Here is a picture."

A rider triggered an avalanche on a small slope in the Cabin Creek area.

We triggered and were caught in an avalanche very near town.  We skied the east side of Miller,  dropped down to descend the very eastern slope just above town. While standing on approximately a 30-35 degree slope we experienced a release immediately above us.  The crown line was approximately 18-24" and extended appx 50' across. We were caught for about 150' before coming to a stop and buried to the thigh. The entire slide was appx 400' from top to bottom.  It was appx a D2.

From email 2/26/23: "I just talked with a fella that reported his buddy was buried up to his chest in an avalanche yesterday off of east abundance, near the cliffs. He reported a 4' crown and 200' wide. His buddy was snowmobiling."

From IG message 2/25/23: "Hey just wanted to report a Cooke city avalanche from today. Happened at 3pm caused by a skier coming down a south facing slope above Round Lake. Everyone was fine, he lost his skis and everyone learned"

From email 2/26/23: "I had heard a rumor from snowmobilers that there was a human triggered avalanche on Lionhead on Thursday the 23^rd.  While in Taylor Fork yesterday, we ran into one of the individuals that was a part of the incident.... he and a buddy were climbing together and he uncovered a rock that his buddy then hit.  While the first rider continued to climb he triggered a slide, and it partially buried the second rider.  He was able to deploy his airbag, but was carried approximately 100 yds down slope where he was buried.  He was quickly found by other members of his group.  

A snowmobiler triggered an avalanche on a wind-loaded slope near Mount Abundance and was carried downhill. The sled hit a tree but the rider was not buried or injured. 

Airplane Bowl.

This afternoon my group of 4 was riding up out of Tepee Creek heading towards Cabin Creek and I set off this small slide on a northeast facing slope as I was coming down it. The slide broke about a foot deep on top of the packed layer of snow and was 150-200' wide at the crown. Thankfully it slid slowly, less than 100' and I was able to ride out of it. 

From FB: Had some tourists in the shop trigger an avalanche on two top yesterday. Didn't get exactly where or much details. Steep tracked up slope they set off. Just a partial sled burial.

We rode north of Round Lake this morning (2/6/23)....

There was a small snowmobiler triggered slide on a convex bench between Sheep Mtn. and Round Lake that was triggered this afternoon. It was 1.5-2' deep, 30' wide, and looked to have broke on a weak layer below last week's snow, on a freshly wind-loaded slope. In a relatively shallow, rocky area (photo attached).

Me and a buddy were out skiing/camping in the Hyalite Lake area. Late Saturday afternoon we started skinning up towards Hyalite Peak. The path up to the ridge was super hardpacked and windswept. We got up and there was quite a bit of snow loaded above the north slope. I dropped over the side and took about two turns before the entire face above me released from the very top and traveled down the entire north side down to the bowl below. I was able to get to the rocks on the side and my partner was able to pick his way down. The crown looked a few feet deep from what I could see and stretched across the entire top of the line.

Dug at South facing snowpit at 9700' near the base of a wind-loaded slope, ECTX HS:280. Continued on less than 200' up the slope, the skier breaking trail triggered the avalanche. The third skier in the group of five was caught, carried, and buried to the waist. The crown was 1-2' deep, and 50 feet wide. Location: South of Fisher Mountain. Yesterday triggered a small windslab on a north-facing slope on miller ridge, no one was involved. 

A 2’ storm snow avalanche in the Chippewa Notch area was apparently triggered by a rider. It propagated significantly across complex terrain, and ran through plenty of terrain traps/trauma trees.

We triggered this very small slide on a steep convex  rollover by mt abundance. South facing. Triggered from on top by snow bike. Was only 60’ wide and didn’t run far at all. About a foot deep.  Some impressive high mark tracks in the area. No other signs of instability today.

From FB message: I triggered this one Thursday night (2/2/23). Got lucky it didn't gain speed and sack on itself. Been in this zone 1000 times, never seen it slide, always gotta be on your game... NE aspect in Beaver Creek.

Big Sky Ski Patrol reported a skier triggered avalanche in "The Mullet" in the backcountry outside the ski resort boundaries. One skiers was reportedly caught and carried by the slide. The initial skier triggered slide also triggered another avalanche in the adjacent "Rattail" avalanche path. Details are second hand and specifics could not be confirmed due to low visibility.

From IG:

A skier triggered a slide about 20-30 yards wide and 2-4ft thick. 

From Big Sky Ski Patrol 1/21/23: "skier triggered a surface wind slab in Wyoming Bowl that broke 8-12” deep. It propagated to an estimated 150’ wide- SS, R1/D1.5... The slide was small, no one was hurt, and the avalanche was reported (which we appreciate), with no further public involvement other than the trigger."

A snowboarder triggered two shallow avalanches (estimated 4-6 inches deep) on Saddle Peak in the new snow. The slide was as the snowboarder dropped off "Quarter Saddle" and a second pocket propagated above him as he traversed out of the first slide. The snowboarder wasn’t caught and the debris mostly stopped short of the main cliff with a little pile dropping off into the going home chute.

Another slide was seen from the highway in Argentina Bowl. This slide appears to be a shallow soft slab that ~50 ft wide and ran ~500 vertical ft.

From Facebook: High Mountain Adventures snowmobile rental reported one of their renters triggered a slide on the waterfalls (Mt Jefferson/Sawtelle).

Rider-triggered avalanche reported near Lulu Pass. Limited details. Unknown if anyone was carried or buried. 

A rider-triggered avalanche was reported from a slope near Chimney Rock on the north end of Henderson Mountain. Limited details. Unknown whether anyone was caught or buried. 

Skier unintentionally triggered and was caught in wind slab avalanche on the Y couloir in Sheep Creek Drainage. Skier was carried 10m before self arresting. The slide ran ~250m down and broke across the entire width of the couloir. There were no injuries and skied away. 

Location: 45.165, -111.35808 (onX) 

Elevation: ~9,200 feet

While riding a small NNE facing slope near the trail on Buck Ridge, a snowboarder triggered and followed a cornice slide that propagated approximately 75 feet and slid about 20' vertical. The one rider was caught and carried approx. 10' and ended up buried upright, waist deep with no injuries. 

At 1:30 PM on Jan 6th a large avalanche poured over the cliffs on Saddle Peak, outside the boundaries of Bridger Bowl. Clouds obscured the starting zone. Multiple groups were in the runout zone, including a skier hitting a jump. One person was caught and buried up to his neck. He was able extricate himself and was unharmed. He did a beacon search at the toe of the debris. He estimated the debris was at least six feet deep.

We believe this was a natural avalanche that broke in the new and wind drifted snow which then broke into older snow. Bridger Bowl measured 6" of new snow with 0.75 inches of Snow Water Equivalent at the Alpine Wx. Station. The avalanche was estimated to be 2 feet deep, and measured on Google Earth to be 550 feet wide and 1700 feet long. 

At about 10 AM I was belaying my partner on the first pitch of Bobo Like in the Flanders drainage of Hyalite Canyon.  We heard a low rumble and a couple seconds later we were engulfed in snow that poured out of the the pitch 2 gully, and seemed to keep coming for about 5 seconds.  My partner, who was on lead, was lucky enough to be at the base of the vertical ice of p1, so the snow mostly went over his head.  I was off to the side and close to rock at the base and was engulfed in loose snow, but not buried or injured.  We continued up afterwards.  When I was at the top of the second pitch, belaying my partner up, another small loose snow avalanche came down as river of snow, passing me as I hugged the anchor, and washed over my partner while he was on the pitch.  We were fortunate to have both been in positions to handle these avalanches without incident or injury.  In retrospect, the clear day and blasting morning sun likely loosened the snow above the gully and funneled it all down onto us.  After the first avalanche, the sun must have kept moving onto new slopes above, releasing more snow.  Even with a moderate danger level in the avalanche report for the day, with natural avalanches unlikely, we happened to find ourselves in a very specific scenario, with morning sun and a dangerous terrain feature, that still put us at risk.  Hopefully we will use this experience to improve our assessment of risk, terrain, and evolving conditions in the future.

From FB message: “Near Sage Creek/Sage Mountain in carrot basin. This was a east facing, wind loaded slope. Snowmobile triggered below the rock line. No burials.”

Small snowmobile triggered slide (~1ft deep and ~20x20 ft) at the head of Muddy Creek (NE Aspect, 9400 ft) off Buck Ridge. Looks like it was likely triggered on Sunday (Jan 1st) in a shallow spot near rocks.

From obs: "A small, snowboarder-triggered avalanche from 12/31 on a southeast-facing slope at 9,000 feet broke on the 30cm layer and stepped down to the 40cm layer. The snowboarder was briefly caught in the sliding snow but maintained his footing as the snow washed past him."

On the way back to Lionshead.  Came upon this recent avalanche.  Rushed up to the group of 4 guys.  They were fine, not the guys who set it off.  The group of 6 we passed going there set it off.  The group of 4 said they saw these guys ... all on the hill at same time, stuck and climbing around the stuck guy.  All were okay but I hear one guy was shaken up. 4-5ft deep at break by 200-300ft wide, ran 400+ft.

On December 31, 2022 a snowmobiler was killed in a very large avalanche north of Cooke City, MT. The avalanche occurred near Daisy Pass on Crown Butte on a southeast facing slope at 9,800’. Two brothers (age 17 and 21) from Washington were snowmobiling uphill on adjacent slopes. The older brother was climbing a steeper slope and triggered the avalanche 100-200’ below the top. He was carried 600 vertical feet and buried 5 feet deep. The buried rider was wearing an airbag pack that was not deployed. Both riders had shovels and probes. They were not wearing avalanche beacons. A nearby group of riders rode up to the slide within minutes after it happened, saw a buried snowmobile and began to search for the rider. One rider from that group went into Cooke City to alert Search and Rescue. The buried rider was located with a probe line an hour after the avalanche happened. He was unable to be revived with CPR and AED at the site. The avalanche appeared to be 2-4' deep, 500' wide, 600' vertical, and broke on weak snow near the bottom of the snowpack. AMu-HS-R3/4-D3-O

Our deepest condolences go out to the family, friends, and those involved.  

Full report available here: http://www.mtavalanche.com/accident/22/12/31

...we rode over the saddle between Sheep and Scotch Bonnet and saw an avalanche that appeared very recent, and likely triggered by a snowmobiler. It was on a west facing slope at 10,000', and was a hard slab 1-4 feet deep and 150' wide, ran about 200' vertical. AMu-HS-R3-D2-O. This was a clear sign that weak layers exist, especially where the snowpack is relatively shallower, and recent snow has been drifted into thick slabs that are unstable over this weak snow.

Skier triggered avalanche on Saddle Peak. 12/16/22.

From obs: "I got to the top of the south summit around 11am with lots of active wind loading. I traversed the ridge line for a couple hundred feet, kicking away at small cornices to see if I could trigger anything. Got two small 6-8” deep soft slabs to propagate 10’ wide and a couple hundred vertical but nothing major. The ridge line is too rocky to traverse right now so I dropped onto the face, still staying near the ridge line. A hundred feet or so further across my traverse, it got deep. Cross loading from the north grew a drift that was thigh deep at least. Very cautiously I tried to regain some elevation to get above anything that might pop off. A few steps up the drift, I heard a whumph and it started to slide. I would estimate 2-4’ deep, 150’ wide. It immediately caught my skis and started taking me down. I pointed them down hill and started to pick up speed hoping I could cut out of it. It started getting very deep and turbulent so after 200-300’ I pulled my airbag, while still trying to stay on my feet. Thankfully, I was able to stay up and cut out of the slide roughly 500’ below the summit. It ran full length into the bottom of Argentina bowl and south gut with a massive powder cloud. Way too close of a call. I skied down the avalanche path then back to the resort with my airbag deployed in case of any other slides coming down. Made it back to the resort touched base with ski patrol to alert them of the slide, give them information on my condition and the possibility of other skiers out there (no possibility, I was first person up and didn’t see anyone ascending from the gate when I crossed to south summit) and headed home."

On Dec 9, 2022 around 1:30pm we triggered a large, deep slab avalanche while riding across a lower angle slope below. This occurred on Fisher Mtn. near Cooke City on an east-northeast aspect at 10,000'. It broke 3-6+' deep and 300' wide. One rider was caught and carried, not buried, and luckily nobody was injured.

There was a human-triggered avalanche near Chimney Rock on Henderson Mountain. The avalanche failed on weak snow near the ground. We believe a snowmobiler triggered the slope.

From GNFAC visit to crown 12/8: "We rode to Daisy Pass to look at the avalanche that was triggered by a snowmobiler two days ago (12/6/22). It was on the slope east of the pass that people often climb up and out, steeper than the normal route out. It broke 2-3 feet deep and 250-300’ wide, R2-D2. At the crown it broke on a weak layer about 100cm above the ground, but it broke closer to the ground in many places lower on the slope where the snowpack was shallower and weaker. I would guess one of those areas is where it was triggered from."

Two skiers triggered an avalanche while ascending the Banana Couloir on Ross Peak on the morning of 12/5/22. The skiers were approximately 150 ft from the top of the couloir. The avalanche broke 20 ft above the upper skier. The slide broke in wind drifted snow 6 inches deep and approximately 30 ft wide, across most of the couloir. The lower skier was waiting in a "safe spot on the side" but was also caught by the slide. The slide ran ~600 vertical feet, pulling out a deeper pocket of snow (1.5-2 ft deep) midway down the path. Both skiers were fully submerged as they were carried, but ended up partially buried near the toe of the debris. One skier had snow packed into his mouth and underneath his eyelids. They returned to the trailhead under their own power. 

From obs: "Triggered a small(d1r1?) wind slab off the bridger chair in bounds at bridger. Little skiers right of bumble chute on the roll over skiers left of bronco. NE face. Rollover around 35 degrees mellowing throughout the run. The face had tracks from earlier today before i triggered the slide. I was able to self arrest and stop myself before being carried. The crown was around 20-25 ft wide and the slide ran roughly 100ft downhill before stopping. Both myself and my partner skied away unharmed."

From IG Message: "I read the avalanche report this morning and felt comfortable skiing. we made a plan to ski Bradley’s Meadows but ended up skiing Bridger Gully to the 3 Bears after discussion and feeling comfortable and confident in the snowpack. we did not experience any whoompfing or have any other concerns on the approach. 

The bottom of Bridger Gully to 3 Bears is where I triggered the avalanche. My partner dropped in first and skied safely out of the potential slide area. I followed up and on my first turn, triggered the slide. To me it looked like it was around 8” deep and was around 15’ wide at the crown.

My partner had eyes on me the entire time as the slide carried me about 40-45 yards. I was on top the entire time and was able to ski out at the end. I suffered no injuries. 

We skied out and talked to other skiers about our experience."

Skiers at Bridger Bowl observed a small avalanche that was likely human-triggered on the Lower Nose. New snow and wind combined to created instabilities on slopes. The ski area is closed and represents a backcountry snowpack until the ski patrol begins avalanche mitigation in preparation for the opening. 

"... a small wind slab avalanche (R1 D1)  from yesterday at approximately 7800 feet on the northern end of bradleys meadow. The slide was initiated by the second skier and although the rest of the slope was <30 degrees the starting zone was a NE facing steep cross loaded wind pillow just below the ridge. 

As my friend was skiing down he saw a crack propagate up and to his left and was able to stop on the side of the path as the snow ran past him. The  crown was approximately 30-40 feet and ran about 100 feet. 

Here are the coordinates of  a way point I dropped just above the top of the slide : 

45° 50.0218′ N, 110° 55.7420′ W

 we circled back and took a photo of the top as well...  "